Human population and activities have created havoc in nature and environment, leading to various imbalances in the biosphere. These imbalanced deteriorating environmental conditions have begun to threaten man and other life forms. The crucial question for future generations is that will the degraded environment and exhausted natural resources permit them to survive peacefully? Biodiversity is already finding itself at the receiving end of this eco-degradation with mass extinction events occurring. Several new areas need great care and attention. These are: Conservation Biology with a major thrust on Biodiversity and its Conservation, Conservation Projects, Bioinvasion and Invasive species, along with Restoration Ecology. These courses have been introduced in undergraduate and postgraduate syllabi of Zoology, Botany, Biosciences, Life Sciences, Environmental Sciences, etc. in almost all Indian universities. This has necessitated the need of a comprehensive textbook on environmental biology, which covers all vital issues concerning the environment, its flora and fauna, and the conservation of natural resources. This may equip and ignite passion in our younger generations towards environmental concerns, for it is their trustworthy hands that the future lies. The present book caters to the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of Indian universities. Besides, the book may also provide valuable information on environment and environmental biology to the planners, administrators, environmentalists and the public at large.